![]() Standard nuclear notation shows (see picture) the chemical symbol, the mass number, and the atomic number of the isotope. See also: JANIS – Java-based Nuclear Data Information System This was confirmed by the existence of isotopes of the fission-product gas xenon and by different ratios of U-235/ U-238 (enrichment of natural uranium). ![]() These fission reactions were sustained for hundreds of thousands of years until a chain reaction could be supported no longer. ![]() The natural nuclear reactor formed at Oklo in Gabon, Africa, when a uranium-rich mineral deposit became flooded with groundwater that acted as a neutron moderator, and a nuclear chain reaction started. The world’s first nuclear reactor operated about two billion years ago. Nuclear reactors are devices to initiate and control a nuclear chain reaction, but there are not only artificial devices. The most notable man-controlled nuclear reaction is the fission reaction which occurs in nuclear reactors. Natural nuclear reactions also occur in the interaction between cosmic rays and matter. Perhaps the most notable nuclear reactions are the nuclear fusion reactions of light elements that power the energy production of stars and the Sun. Sometimes if a nucleus interacts with another nucleus or particle without changing the nature of any nuclide, the process is referred to as a nuclear scattering rather than a nuclear reaction. Thus, a nuclear reaction must cause a transformation of at least one nuclide to another.
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